What is Programming ? | Learn to Code! - Chapter 1



Today our focus is to familiarize you with the notions and the concepts of programming. First of all I feel like its an imperative to remove the misconception that programming is meant for any sort of geniuses or you need to be specifically good at maths to embark on this creative journey.

In-fact, it is believed that programming like many other subjects, is a tool for developing your creativity and enhancing your logical perception. Of course, it is true to some extent that some subjects related to programming do require you to know some fundamentals of advanced mathematics but for now , I assume that you have little or no programming experience , though it would be helpful if you are familiar with some concepts of elementary maths. Even if you don’t, you shouldn't have any problems understanding these tutorials. Before getting on the technical stuff, we will explore the meaning of programming itself.

Programming:

Programming is simply a way to define specific instructions or commands that are required to solve a given problem or achieve some purpose . It is true that even before computers were introduced into the world, the concept was long obeyed by humans even without knowing it.The idea is to define a sequence of detailed steps required to achieve some result or make a product ;Where every process requires us to:-

• understand the problem itself
• identify what needs to be the result
• define appropriate inputs
• devise suitable processes on the input to get the final result .

To understand it in the most generalized terms , think of it as inputs being your raw materials and processes being a way to convert your raw materials into some useful items , and outputs being the end result of those items ,that are put to a good use. Such a sequence of detailed steps working their way to complete a job is known as an algorithm.

For defining algorithms , different approaches can be used , such as :-

Structured English :  You can use plain commands in your natural language to design a solution.

Flow charts: Graphical representation of the whole number of processes that take place for every process that defines a particular mechanism,where the basic  diagram symbols used are these :



Pseudocode : Well, pseudo means false. It actually resembles the real code, written in programming languages, but the one which cannot be executed.

Programming languages: For communicating with computers we need some languages which help us convey our message to the machine or write actual executable programs while following a particular syntax(like Grammatical rules in English language) . (Though, if it does not make any sense ,we will be discussing that later, so you don’t have to worry too much about it.) Examples include:- Java , C, C++, FORTRAN, Python and many more.

Machines are no different either , they are insensible . Unlike humans, they can't learn, adapt , create or produce . In-fact , its our job to give machines a particular algorithm to have it do some work for us. For example there is a simple algorithm presented in flowchart, psueodocode  or structured English for converting a length in inches to centimeters. Now , jumping to the basic ideology of writing any algorithm, we again need to know what the problem actually asks from us.

We need to get an input that is the length in inches:-

Structured English:

• Read length in inches from user
• Convert into cm
• Store the result
• Output the result

Further illustrations define the same algorithm in different forms:

Flow chart :


Psuedocode:

input inches
CM=inches*2.54
output CM

STILL CONFUSED?
or WANT TO KNOW MORE?
Have a look at our video tutorial for this Chapter:



                     

                                   
For the sake of simplicity , today we will not discuss  the context of any programming language.
But we know for sure that any process or system obeys the very sequential and algorithmic approach taken by computers.

Addition :
In the next chapter, we will be discussing what is known as variables, Constants and about primitive eliments.

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NVIDIA GTX 1080-SPECS,PRICE, and MORE!

With the Dawn of virtual reality , Nvidia and AMD are putting most of their interests in making single cards which are strong enough to keep up with the latest AAA titles. Thus, Nvidia is coming up with it's most powerful 16nm Finfet based, Pascal architecture powered , ''GTX 1080 '' .

Soon after the release of it's PASCAL architecture , Nvidia is going to release the GTX 1080 on 27th May 2016. It is expected that they will unveil their new architecture next month in their GTC event.

As we had previously discussed about the PASCAL ARCHITECTURE being a powerhouse , the GTX 1080  'seems' to put some serious competition for it's AMD competitor.
 Based on certain rumors and research, we have highlighted the following  SPECIFICATIONS :

1) The device will have the GP104 GPU with 8GB of GDDR5X memory. 
Surprisingly and unfortunately, as was told before , GTX 1080 is not going to have HBM or HBM2 memory.

2) It will boast an 8-pin Power connector which will have the limit of 225 Watts power consumption. However, it should be mentioned that it may use even less power than 225 Watts ( thanks to the 16nm architecture) just like the GTX 980 which had been limited to 250 Watts of power but only consumed 165 Watts.

3)The card will have a DVI port , a HDMI port and two Display ports.


Impressions and Expectations :


Courtesy : Wccftech.com


 The Card is going to Boast a GDDR5X memory which is faster that the GDDR5 memory, contained by most of the current cards but it's still not as innovative and fast as the HBM. Most of us were expecting the new card to have atleast HBM memory, if not HBM2.
On the other hand , the GTX 1080 is going to have 8GB of VRAM as compared to the current top-notch card , the GTX 980ti ,which has 6GB. In addition , the cards power consumption is going to be way lower than expected ! 
Giving a performance equal to the GTX 980 ti or even more than it , the card's Power consumption rate is going to be considerably lower  than 165 watts as rumored !

The picture below depicts a GTX 1080 ( Courtesy : iChill )


                                                                                                                               As far as the expected price of the card is concerned, It is going to be somewhere between the 500 to 600 Dollar range . It might be even greater or lower, as the price of the card can only be assumed right now. ( Courtesy : A forum from TomsHardware.com)

To Add in more information, Nvidia is also going release the following range of cards very soon in upcoming months along with the GTX 1080 ;








In conclusion , GTX 1080 is going to rock the stage with it's low power usage, good quality , 16nm architecture and  a good price, however, only flawed by the use of GDDR5X memory instead of HBM.

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Samsung GALAXY S7 - Specifications , Features and more !

The term ‘Samsung galaxy’ is not a new terminology to much of the smartphone users around the world. Samsung galaxy is a series of computing mobile devices manufactured and marketed by Samsung Electronics. The company has released a series of Galaxy S smartphones and is still working on the series to make more improvement and give users experiences with the smartphone and make them enjoy the qualities of technology.

I had a chance to use one of the Samsung galaxy S smartphone and it has never let me down.
The company now has revealed the Samsung S7 and Samsung S7 edge on February 21 this year. 
Samsung Galaxy s7 Cooling System
The Samsung s7 is far better than its predecessor, it has a CPU that is about 30.4% more powerful than its predecessor, and has improved GPU that is 63.9% than the GPU in s6.
The s7 can run much longer without running hot, the phone uses liquid cooling system. The cooling system contains the tool which contains a liquid that vaporizes the temperature and condenses the lower temperature just like an AC for the phone.

The phone has a powerful long lasting battery, for gamers this is good news you don’t have to worry for power when playing the game.  It has been approximately the device can withstand up to 15 hours (18 hrs. for edge) without power drain. The charging of the phone is also faster, it only takes approximately 90 min (100 min for edge).

Samsung Galaxy s7 Edge Battery 
With its graphics improved the s7 can perform better in gaming applications. It has features like game launcher and gameplay recording (if you want to share your gaming experience online).

The device has a microSD support. The microSD support enables you to extend storage capacity as you pleases. Also the SIM card tray is designed to carry either the microSD and SIM card or two SIM card depending on your choice. And there is no need to switch off your phone when changing the cards.

S7 has Ingress protection rating (IP) 68, which means the device is highly water resistive. You can use the device by the pool, take selfie on the beach or make a call in the rain. 
The device has been tested and can be immersed in the water 1.5 meters deep for up to thirty minutes.


With Samsung s7 you don’t have to worry when the phone has dropped in water or placing your phone down on wet surfaces.

S7 makes use of the Dual pixel technology. The device has two photodiodes instead of one on each and every one pixels of the image sensor meaning that the dual pixels sensor can focus as quickly and as accurately just like human eyes. With dual pixels technology the device can take finer and quick photos. 

Every single pixel on the Dual Sensor is used for phase detection enabling autofocus that is incredibly fast enabling the device to take shots even on the most sudden movements, even when the lights starts to fade.

Samsung s7 Dual Pixels sensor
With motion photo feature, you can capture three seconds events that happened before you placed the shutter.The device has improved feature for selfie photos such as spotlight, wide selfie and selfie flash.
For the first time, s7 give you the chance to capture sweeping movements in panorama with motion, all you have to do is swipe or pan your galaxy s7 sideways.
Samsung has proved much performance of photographing in  low light, the phone has a brighter lens (F1.7) and 1.4um pixels on the image sensor capture much light that the photos come out sharp and more detailed.

s7's Wide selfie 
The Samsung Galaxy S7 system specifications;
Dimensions: 
S7 142.4 x 69.6 x 7.9 mm (152 g)
S7 edge 150.9 x 72.6 x 7.7 mm (157 g) 
Camera
Rear: Dual Pixel 12MP OIS (F1.7)
Front: 5MP (F1.7) 
Display
S7 5.1" Flat Quad HD Super AMOLED
S7 edge 5.5" Dual edge Quad HD Super AMOLED
AP
Octa-core (2.3GHz Quad + 1.6GHz Quad)
Quad-core (2.15GHz + 1.6GHz Dual)
*May differ by country and carrier.
OS
Android 6.0
Memory
4GB RAM (LPDDR4)
32/64GB + microSD slot (up to 200GB)
*Storage options may vary by country and carrier. 
Battery  
S7 3000mAh
S7 edge 3600mAh
 
Charging
Wireless Charging / Fast Charging
 Connectivity
Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac (2.4/5GHz), MIMO, Bluetooth® v 4.2 LE, ANT+, USB 2.0, NFC, Location (GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou)
*BeiDou coverage may be limited.
Sensors
Accelerometer, Barometer, Fingerprint, Gyro, Geo-magnetic, Hall, HRM, Proximity, RGB Light
Water and Dust Resistant
IP68
Audio
Format: MP3, M4A, 3GA, AAC, OGG, OGA, WAV, WMA, AMR, AWB, FLAC, MID, MIDI, XMF, MXMF, IMY, RTTTL, RTX, OTA
Video
Format: MP4, M4V, 3GP, 3G2, WMV, ASF, AVI, FLV, MKV, WEBM